Bonsai Care Tips To Keep Your Tree Thriving

Bonsai Care Tips To Keep Your Tree Thriving: Embark on a journey into the captivating world of bonsai, where miniature trees are transformed into living works of art. These ancient Japanese practices offer a unique blend of horticultural skill and artistic expression, demanding patience, dedication, and a deep understanding of the tree’s needs.

Whether you’re a seasoned bonsai enthusiast or a curious beginner, this comprehensive guide provides the essential knowledge and techniques to nurture your bonsai and ensure its continued growth and vitality.

From selecting the right species and pot to mastering the art of pruning and shaping, each step in the bonsai care process plays a vital role in creating a thriving miniature ecosystem. Understanding the fundamentals of bonsai care, including watering, fertilizing, and pest control, will empower you to provide the optimal environment for your bonsai to flourish.

This guide will delve into the intricacies of each aspect, offering practical tips and techniques that can be applied to a wide range of bonsai species.

Understanding Bonsai Basics

Bonsai, meaning “planted in a tray” in Japanese, is the art of growing miniature trees in containers. These trees are not genetically dwarfed but are meticulously trained and pruned to achieve their diminutive size and shape. Bonsai is a fascinating and rewarding hobby that allows you to cultivate a piece of nature in your home.

The Unique Characteristics of Bonsai Trees

Bonsai trees possess several distinct characteristics that set them apart from their full-sized counterparts. One of the most prominent features is their miniature size. Bonsai trees are carefully pruned and shaped to maintain a specific size, often resembling mature trees in a much smaller scale.

Another defining characteristic is their unique aesthetics. Bonsai artists strive to create visually appealing compositions that reflect natural forms and evoke a sense of tranquility and beauty. This is achieved through techniques such as pruning, wiring, and styling. Bonsai trees are also known for their longevity.

With proper care, these trees can live for generations, becoming cherished family heirlooms.

Different Styles of Bonsai

Bonsai trees can be styled in a variety of ways, each reflecting a unique aesthetic and cultural significance.

• Formal Upright (Chokkan):This is the most classic and symmetrical style, characterized by a straight trunk and a symmetrical crown.
• Informal Upright (Moyogi):This style features a slightly curved trunk and a more natural-looking crown.
• Slanting (Shakan):This style features a trunk that leans at an angle, giving the tree a dynamic and graceful appearance.
• Cascade (Kengai):This style features a trunk that cascades over the edge of the pot, mimicking a tree growing on a cliffside.
• Semi-Cascade (Han-Kengai):This style features a trunk that leans over the edge of the pot but does not fully cascade.
• Broom (Hokidachi):This style features a trunk with a crown that resembles a broom, with branches radiating out from a central point.
• Literati (Bunjingi):This style features a slender trunk with a few branches, often with a whimsical and artistic feel.

Benefits of Owning and Caring for a Bonsai Tree

Owning and caring for a bonsai tree offers numerous benefits, both practical and emotional.

Bonsai care is an art that involves meticulous attention to detail. From proper watering and fertilization to strategic pruning and repotting, each step plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and aesthetic appeal of your miniature tree. Understanding the fundamental principles of bonsai care is essential, and for a comprehensive guide, refer to How To Properly Care For A Bonsai Tree.

By following these guidelines, you can cultivate a thriving bonsai that will grace your home for years to come.

• Stress Relief:The process of caring for a bonsai tree can be a meditative and calming experience.
• Connection to Nature:Bonsai trees bring a piece of nature into your home, providing a sense of tranquility and beauty.
• Artistic Expression:Bonsai is an art form that allows you to express your creativity and create unique and beautiful compositions.
• Learning Experience:Caring for a bonsai tree requires knowledge and patience, providing a rewarding learning experience.

Choosing the Right Bonsai

Choosing the right bonsai species is crucial for success. Your selection should be based on your climate, experience level, and available time for care. The right bonsai can bring you years of enjoyment, while the wrong choice can lead to frustration and disappointment.

Bonsai Species for Different Climates

The climate in your area will determine which bonsai species will thrive. Some species are better suited to specific climates than others. For example, tropical bonsai species require warm temperatures and high humidity, while temperate bonsai species can tolerate colder temperatures and lower humidity.

• Tropical Bonsai: These species require warm temperatures and high humidity, making them ideal for indoor cultivation or outdoor cultivation in warm climates. Examples include Ficus, Bougainvillea, and Chinese Banyan.
• Temperate Bonsai: These species can tolerate colder temperatures and lower humidity, making them suitable for outdoor cultivation in temperate climates. Examples include Japanese Black Pine, Japanese Maple, and Chinese Elm.
• Desert Bonsai: These species are adapted to arid climates with hot temperatures and low humidity. Examples include Juniper, Chinese Elm, and Crape Myrtle.

Bonsai Species for Different Experience Levels

Bonsai care can range from relatively simple to quite demanding. For beginners, it is recommended to choose species that are known for their resilience and ease of care.

• Beginner-Friendly Bonsai: These species are known for their resilience and ease of care, making them ideal for beginners. Examples include Chinese Elm, Japanese Black Pine, and Ficus.
• Intermediate Bonsai: These species require more experience and attention to detail, but they offer a rewarding challenge for those who are willing to put in the effort. Examples include Japanese Maple, Trident Maple, and Crape Myrtle.
• Advanced Bonsai: These species are demanding and require significant experience and knowledge to cultivate successfully. Examples include Japanese White Pine, Chinese Juniper, and Shimpaku Juniper.

Bonsai Species Based on Time Commitment

The amount of time you are willing to dedicate to bonsai care will also influence your choice of species. Some species require more frequent watering, pruning, and fertilization than others.

• Low-Maintenance Bonsai: These species require minimal care and are ideal for those who are short on time. Examples include Chinese Elm, Japanese Black Pine, and Ficus.
• Medium-Maintenance Bonsai: These species require regular care, but they are not overly demanding. Examples include Japanese Maple, Trident Maple, and Crape Myrtle.
• High-Maintenance Bonsai: These species require frequent and meticulous care, and they are best suited for experienced bonsai enthusiasts. Examples include Japanese White Pine, Chinese Juniper, and Shimpaku Juniper.

Popular Bonsai Species

Species	Characteristics	Care Requirements	Suitability for Beginners
Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia)	Fast-growing, adaptable, and tolerant of pruning.	Moderate watering, regular fertilization, and pruning.	Beginner-friendly.
Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii)	Hardy, drought-tolerant, and known for its beautiful needles.	Moderate watering, regular fertilization, and pruning.	Beginner-friendly.
Ficus (Ficus spp.)	Fast-growing, adaptable, and easy to maintain.	Regular watering, fertilization, and pruning.	Beginner-friendly.
Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)	Known for its stunning fall foliage and delicate leaves.	Regular watering, fertilization, and pruning.	Intermediate.
Trident Maple (Acer buergerianum)	Hardy, adaptable, and known for its unique leaves.	Regular watering, fertilization, and pruning.	Intermediate.
Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)	Known for its beautiful flowers and attractive bark.	Regular watering, fertilization, and pruning.	Intermediate.
Japanese White Pine (Pinus parviflora)	Slow-growing, elegant, and known for its delicate needles.	Moderate watering, regular fertilization, and pruning.	Advanced.
Chinese Juniper (Juniperus chinensis)	Hardy, adaptable, and known for its dense foliage.	Moderate watering, regular fertilization, and pruning.	Advanced.
Shimpaku Juniper (Juniperus chinensis ‘Shimpaku’)	Slow-growing, elegant, and known for its distinctive bark.	Moderate watering, regular fertilization, and pruning.	Advanced.

Bonsai Potting and Soil

The pot and soil you choose for your bonsai tree are crucial for its health and growth. The right pot provides the appropriate drainage and allows for proper root development, while the soil provides the necessary nutrients and aeration.

Choosing the Right Pot

Selecting the right pot for your bonsai tree is essential for its well-being. The pot should be aesthetically pleasing and complement the tree’s style, but it should also be practical and provide the necessary conditions for healthy growth.

• Size:The pot should be proportionate to the size of the tree, with enough space for root growth but not too large to overwhelm the tree.
• Shape:The shape of the pot can influence the overall aesthetic of the bonsai and can be chosen to enhance the tree’s natural shape or to create a specific style.
• Material:Pots can be made from various materials, including ceramic, clay, plastic, and wood. Each material has its own properties and benefits. For example, ceramic pots are known for their ability to retain moisture, while plastic pots are lightweight and less prone to breakage.

• Drainage:A pot with adequate drainage holes is essential for preventing root rot and ensuring proper water flow.

Bonsai Potting Mix, Bonsai Care Tips To Keep Your Tree Thriving

The potting mix used for bonsai is specifically designed to provide optimal conditions for root growth. It should be well-draining, airy, and rich in nutrients.

• Drainage:The potting mix should drain well to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. This is achieved by using a mix with a high proportion of coarse materials like pumice, akadama, or lava rock.
• Aeration:Good aeration is essential for root health, allowing for proper oxygen exchange. This is achieved by incorporating materials like pumice, which provides air pockets within the soil.
• Nutrients:The potting mix should contain the necessary nutrients for the tree’s growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients can be provided through the use of organic matter, like composted bark or rice hulls, or by adding fertilizers.

Repotting a Bonsai Tree

Repotting is a necessary process for bonsai trees, as it allows for fresh soil, root trimming, and overall maintenance. Repotting should be done during the tree’s dormant period, usually in late winter or early spring.

1. Prepare the new pot:Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the current pot, with appropriate drainage holes. Clean the pot thoroughly to remove any debris or previous soil.
2. Prepare the new soil:Mix the bonsai potting mix according to the tree’s specific needs and the recommendations of the potting mix manufacturer.
3. Remove the tree from its current pot:Gently tap the bottom of the pot to loosen the tree. If necessary, use a tool to help pry the tree out of the pot.
4. Trim the roots:Carefully inspect the roots and trim any damaged, circling, or overly thick roots.
5. Place the tree in the new pot:Center the tree in the new pot, ensuring that the root ball is level with the rim of the pot.
6. Add soil:Gradually fill the pot with the prepared potting mix, leaving about an inch of space below the rim.
7. Water thoroughly:Water the tree thoroughly until water drains from the drainage holes.
8. Place in a shaded location:Place the repotted tree in a shaded location for a few weeks to allow the roots to recover.

Watering and Fertilizing: Bonsai Care Tips To Keep Your Tree Thriving

Providing your bonsai with the right amount of water and nutrients is essential for its health and growth. These two factors are closely intertwined, and understanding their relationship is crucial for maintaining a thriving bonsai.

Watering Techniques

The frequency of watering bonsai trees depends on various factors, including the species, the size of the tree, the type of soil, and the ambient temperature. However, a general rule of thumb is to water thoroughly when the soil surface feels dry to the touch.

• Thorough Watering:When watering, ensure that the water penetrates the entire root ball, allowing the roots to absorb the moisture fully.
• Water Quality:Use rainwater, filtered water, or tap water that has been allowed to sit for 24 hours to remove chlorine and other chemicals that can harm the tree.
• Avoid Overwatering:Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal to your bonsai. Allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings to prevent this.

Fertilizing Bonsai

Fertilizing your bonsai tree provides it with the essential nutrients it needs to grow and thrive. Bonsai trees require a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in appropriate proportions.

• Types of Fertilizer:You can use liquid fertilizers, granular fertilizers, or slow-release fertilizers, depending on your preference and the specific needs of your bonsai.
• Frequency:Fertilizing frequency depends on the type of fertilizer and the growing season. Generally, you should fertilize your bonsai tree every two to four weeks during the active growing season (spring and summer).
• Fertilizing Schedule:
  

  Season	Fertilizing Frequency
  Spring	Every 2 weeks
  Summer	Every 2 weeks
  Fall	Every 4 weeks
  Winter	None

Pruning and Shaping

Pruning and shaping are essential aspects of bonsai care, allowing you to control the tree’s growth and create the desired aesthetic. By strategically removing branches and leaves, you can influence the tree’s size, shape, and overall appearance.

Types of Pruning Techniques

Pruning techniques are crucial for maintaining the health and desired shape of a bonsai tree. Different methods are employed depending on the tree’s age, species, and the desired outcome.

• Pinching: This technique involves removing the growing tip of a branch, known as the terminal bud. Pinching encourages branching and creates a denser, more compact foliage. It is commonly used on young trees and for maintaining the shape of mature trees.

• Trimming: Trimming involves removing larger branches or portions of branches. It is used to control the tree’s overall size, shape, and to remove dead or diseased branches.
• Defoliation: Defoliation is the process of removing all or a portion of the tree’s leaves. This technique is typically used to promote new growth, reduce the size of leaves, and encourage back-budding, which can create a more compact and dense foliage.

  Defoliation is best performed during the tree’s active growing season and should be done gradually to avoid stressing the tree.

Shaping a Bonsai Tree

Shaping a bonsai tree involves guiding its growth to achieve the desired style. This is done through a combination of pruning, wiring, and other techniques.

“The art of bonsai is about creating a miniature representation of nature, capturing the essence of a mature tree in a small space.”

Wiring a Bonsai Tree

Wiring is a technique used to bend and shape branches. It involves wrapping a thin, flexible wire around the branches to guide their growth. The wire is usually made of aluminum or copper and is carefully applied to avoid damaging the bark.

1. Prepare the Wire: Select the appropriate wire thickness for the branch size. A thicker wire is used for larger branches, while a thinner wire is used for smaller branches.
2. Wrap the Wire: Wrap the wire around the branch, starting at the base and working your way towards the tip. The wire should be wrapped tightly enough to hold the branch in place but not so tight that it cuts into the bark.

   Bonsai care requires attention to detail and consistent effort. From proper watering and fertilizing to strategic pruning and repotting, each step contributes to the tree’s health and aesthetic appeal. To truly master the art of bonsai cultivation, you need to delve deeper into the intricacies of care.

   Mastering Bonsai Tree Care With These Tips offers a comprehensive guide to understanding the nuances of bonsai care, helping you nurture your miniature tree to its full potential. By following these expert tips, you can ensure your bonsai thrives for years to come.

3. Shape the Branch: Once the wire is in place, gently bend the branch into the desired position. Avoid bending the branch too sharply, as this can damage the bark.
4. Remove the Wire: Once the branch has grown into the desired shape, remove the wire. This should be done before the wire cuts into the bark.

Light and Temperature

Bonsai trees, like all plants, require adequate light and temperature to thrive. Understanding the specific needs of your bonsai species is crucial for its health and growth. This section will delve into the optimal light conditions for different bonsai species and the impact of temperature on their growth and well-being.

We will also provide tips for protecting your bonsai from extreme temperatures.

Light Requirements

The amount of light a bonsai needs varies depending on the species. Some bonsai species, like those native to tropical regions, require a lot of sunlight, while others, like those from temperate climates, prefer partial shade.

• Full Sun Bonsai:These bonsai species thrive in direct sunlight for at least 6 hours daily. Examples include:
  • Japanese Black Pine ( Pinus thunbergii)
  • Chinese Elm ( Ulmus parvifolia)
  • Ficus ( Ficus benjamina)
• Partial Shade Bonsai:These bonsai species prefer a balance of sunlight and shade, ideally 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight. Examples include:
  • Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum)
  • Azalea ( Rhododendron)
  • Juniper ( Juniperus)
• Shade Bonsai:These bonsai species prefer a shady environment with minimal direct sunlight. Examples include:
  • Serissa ( Serissa foetida)
  • Gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides)
  • Camellia ( Camellia japonica)

Temperature Effects on Bonsai

Temperature plays a vital role in bonsai growth and health. Each species has its own optimal temperature range for growth and dormancy.

• Growth Period:During the growing season, bonsai trees need warm temperatures to facilitate growth. The ideal temperature range for most bonsai species is between 65°F and 85°F (18°C and 29°C).
• Dormancy Period:In winter, many bonsai species enter a period of dormancy, during which their growth slows down significantly. This is a natural process that helps the trees conserve energy. The ideal temperature range for dormancy depends on the species, but it is generally between 32°F and 50°F (0°C and 10°C).

Protecting Bonsai from Extreme Temperatures

Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can be detrimental to bonsai trees. Here are some tips for protecting your bonsai from temperature extremes:

• Heat Stress:During hot summer months, protect your bonsai from direct sunlight, especially during the hottest part of the day. Provide adequate shade and ensure the soil remains moist. You can also mist the foliage with water to help cool the tree.

• Cold Stress:During winter, move your bonsai to a protected location, such as a garage or greenhouse, where temperatures are above freezing. If you keep your bonsai outdoors, cover it with a frost blanket or burlap sack to insulate it from the cold.

Pest and Disease Control

Bonsai trees, like any other plants, are susceptible to pests and diseases. While the small size of a bonsai can make it easier to spot infestations and diseases, it also means that these issues can quickly affect the health of the tree.

Early detection and prompt action are crucial for keeping your bonsai healthy and thriving.

Common Pests and Diseases

Understanding the common pests and diseases that affect bonsai trees is the first step in preventing and controlling them. Some of the most prevalent pests include:

• Aphids:These tiny, soft-bodied insects suck sap from leaves and stems, causing stunted growth and leaf discoloration. They can also transmit diseases.
• Mealybugs:These insects are covered in a white, waxy coating and can be found on leaves, stems, and roots. They suck sap, causing leaf yellowing and wilting.
• Scale Insects:These insects attach themselves to the plant and feed on sap, leading to leaf drop and stunted growth. They are often difficult to control because of their protective shell.
• Spider Mites:These tiny mites are difficult to see with the naked eye but can cause significant damage to leaves. They spin webs and suck sap, leading to yellowing and browning of leaves.
• Whiteflies:These small, winged insects are often found on the underside of leaves. They feed on sap, causing leaf yellowing and wilting. They also secrete honeydew, which can attract sooty mold.

Common diseases include:

• Root Rot:This disease occurs when roots are constantly wet and can lead to wilting, leaf drop, and eventually, death. It is caused by various fungi that thrive in moist conditions.
• Powdery Mildew:This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves and stems. It can cause stunted growth and leaf drop.
• Leaf Spot:This fungal disease causes brown or black spots on leaves, which can eventually lead to leaf drop.
• Canker:This bacterial or fungal disease causes sunken, discolored areas on branches and stems. It can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to other problems.

Identifying and Preventing Pest Infestations and Diseases

Early detection is key to successful pest and disease control. Regularly inspect your bonsai for signs of infestation or disease, such as:

• Unusual leaf color changes:Yellowing, browning, or wilting leaves can indicate pests or disease.
• Presence of insects:Look for aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, spider mites, or whiteflies on leaves, stems, and roots.
• Webs or sticky residue:Spider mites spin webs, and aphids and whiteflies secrete honeydew, which is a sticky substance.
• Spots or lesions on leaves or stems:These can indicate fungal or bacterial diseases.
• Unusual growth patterns:Stunted growth, wilting, or leaf drop can be signs of pests or diseases.

Preventing pest infestations and diseases is easier than treating them. Here are some preventive measures:

• Choose healthy bonsai:When purchasing a bonsai, carefully inspect it for any signs of pests or diseases.
• Maintain good hygiene:Keep your bonsai tools clean and disinfect them between uses to prevent the spread of diseases.
• Provide optimal growing conditions:Bonsai trees thrive in well-drained soil, proper lighting, and adequate watering. These conditions help to prevent diseases and pests.
• Use pest-resistant varieties:Some bonsai species are naturally more resistant to pests and diseases than others.
• Isolate new trees:Keep new bonsai trees quarantined for a few weeks to ensure they are pest-free before introducing them to your collection.

Natural Control Methods

For minor infestations or diseases, natural control methods can be effective. These methods are environmentally friendly and less likely to harm beneficial insects:

• Neem oil:Neem oil is a natural insecticide and fungicide that is effective against a variety of pests and diseases. It is safe for use on bonsai trees.
• Insecticidal soap:Insecticidal soap is a contact insecticide that kills pests by disrupting their cell membranes. It is effective against aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites.
• Horticultural oil:Horticultural oil suffocates pests and is effective against scale insects and mealybugs.
• Diatomaceous earth:Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring, finely ground powder made from fossilized diatoms. It acts as a desiccant, killing pests by dehydrating them. It is effective against a variety of insects, including aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites.
• Beneficial insects:Introducing beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, can help control pest populations.
• Handpicking:For small infestations, handpicking pests can be an effective method.
• Pruning:Remove infested or diseased branches to prevent the spread of pests or diseases.

Chemical Control Methods

In severe cases, chemical control methods may be necessary. However, these should be used as a last resort, as they can harm beneficial insects and the environment. When using chemical pesticides, always follow the instructions carefully and wear protective gear.

• Insecticides:Insecticides are chemicals that kill insects. They are available in various formulations, including sprays, granules, and dusts.
• Fungicides:Fungicides are chemicals that kill fungi. They are available in various formulations, including sprays, granules, and dusts.

Bonsai Tree Health and Troubleshooting

Just like any living organism, bonsai trees can experience stress and health issues. Recognizing these signs early and addressing them promptly is crucial for maintaining your tree’s vitality and longevity.

Identifying Signs of Bonsai Tree Stress

Early detection is key to preventing serious problems. Recognizing signs of stress allows you to intervene before the situation worsens.

• Leaf discoloration:Yellowing, browning, or wilting leaves can indicate problems with watering, fertilization, or light exposure.
• Leaf drop:Excessive leaf drop can signal stress from overwatering, underwatering, or changes in temperature.
• Stunted growth:Slow or no growth can be a sign of nutrient deficiency, improper watering, or root problems.
• Branch dieback:Dead or dying branches are a serious sign of stress and may require pruning.
• Pest or disease infestations:Visible insects, fungal growth, or other signs of infestation can damage your tree.

Troubleshooting Common Bonsai Problems

Once you identify a problem, take appropriate steps to address it.

• Yellowing Leaves:
  • Overwatering:Allow the soil to dry out between waterings and ensure proper drainage.
  • Underwatering:Water deeply and consistently, ensuring the soil is evenly moistened.
  • Nutrient Deficiency:Fertilize regularly with a balanced bonsai fertilizer.
  • Root Problems:Check for root rot and repot if necessary.
• Stunted Growth:
  • Insufficient Light:Move the tree to a brighter location.
  • Root Bound:Repot the tree into a larger pot with fresh soil.
  • Nutrient Deficiency:Fertilize regularly with a balanced bonsai fertilizer.
• Root Rot:
  • Overwatering:Allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
  • Poor Drainage:Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes.
  • Repotting:Repot the tree into fresh, well-draining soil.

The Importance of Regular Observation and Maintenance

Regular observation and maintenance are crucial for maintaining bonsai health.

“Prevention is better than cure.”

• Inspect your tree regularly:Check for any signs of stress or problems.
• Monitor the soil moisture:Water when the soil is dry to the touch.
• Fertilize regularly:Provide essential nutrients for healthy growth.
• Prune and shape as needed:Maintain the desired form and promote growth.
• Protect from pests and diseases:Take preventative measures and treat any infestations promptly.

Closure

By mastering the art of bonsai care, you can unlock the potential of these miniature marvels, creating a living testament to your dedication and horticultural expertise. The journey of nurturing a bonsai is a rewarding one, offering a sense of accomplishment and a deep connection to nature.

As you witness your bonsai thrive, you’ll gain a profound appreciation for the delicate balance between human intervention and the natural world. Whether you choose to cultivate a bonsai for its aesthetic beauty or simply enjoy the therapeutic process of caring for a living art form, the rewards of bonsai ownership are boundless.

FAQ Resource

What are the best bonsai species for beginners?

Some beginner-friendly bonsai species include Chinese Elm, Japanese Black Pine, and Ficus. These trees are known for their resilience and adaptability.

How often should I repot my bonsai?

Repotting frequency depends on the tree’s growth rate and the pot’s size. Generally, repotting every 2-3 years is recommended for most bonsai.

What are the signs of a healthy bonsai?

A healthy bonsai exhibits vibrant green foliage, new growth, and a strong root system. It should also be free from pests and diseases.

How do I prevent root rot in my bonsai?

Use a well-draining bonsai potting mix and avoid overwatering. Ensure proper drainage by selecting a pot with drainage holes.